A brief description of DeFi
DeFi refers to a group of financial products and services available to anyone who can use Ethereum and has access to the internet. There are no centralized authorities that can block transfers or refuse access to something with DeFi because the markets are still free. Services that were once sluggish and vulnerable to human error are now automated and safer, thanks to code that anyone can audit and scrutinize.
There’s a
thriving crypto-economy out there, where you can lend, borrow, invest in long/short positions,
gain interest, and more. Companies have begun to broadcast their workers’ pay
in real-time. Some people have also taken out and paid off multimillion-dollar
loans without providing any personal information.
DeFi is
often associated with blockchain and cryptocurrencies. However, it has a
much broader reach. It’s necessary to understand the current state of the
finance ecosystem to comprehend the thought processes that led to the emergence
of decentralized finance.
DeFi and
Traditional Finance: The differences –
Understanding
the current challenges is one of the best ways to see the promise of DeFi.
·
Some citizens are
denied the ability to open a bank account or access financial services.
·
People who do not
have access to financial services will be unable to find work.
·
You may be unable
to receive payment due to financial services.
·
Your data is a
hidden cost of financial services.
·
Markets may be shut
down at any time by governments and centralized institutions.
·
Trading hours are often
restricted to various time zones’ business hours.
·
Internal human
processes can cause money transfers to take days.
·
Financial services
command a premium since intermediary organizations need a cut.
Components
of DeFi –
DeFi’s
components are similar to those of traditional financial ecosystems in which
they include stable currencies and a diverse
range of use cases. Stablecoins and utilities such as crypto exchanges and
lending services are examples of DeFi components. Smart contracts provide the
basis for DeFi apps to operate since they encode the terms and activities
required for these services to function. A smart contract code, for example,
has a basic code that specifies the exact terms and conditions of an individual
loan. Collateral may be liquidated if such terms or conditions are not met.
Rather than using a general code, all of this is done by a particular code. All
of this is done through a code rather than by a bank or other institution
manually.
A software
stack contains all of the elements of a decentralized finance framework. The
components of each layer are designed to perform a specific role in the
construction of a DeFi framework. Compos ability is a distinguishing feature of
the stack since the components from each layer can be combined to create a DeFi
app.
The four
layers making up the DeFi stack are outlined below:
·
Settlement
Layer: The settlement
layer is also known as Layer 0 because it serves as the foundation for all
other DeFi transactions. It is made up of a public blockchain and a digital
currency or cryptocurrency. This money, which may or may not be traded on stock markets, is used
to settle transactions on DeFi apps. Ethereum and its native token ether (ETH),
exchanged on crypto exchanges, are an example of the settlement layer.
Tokenized assets versions, like the US dollar, or tokens that are digital representations of real-world assets, may be used in
the settlement layer. A real estate token, for example, may reflect the
ownership of a piece of property.
·
Protocol
Layer: Software protocols
are written rules and standards that regulate particular tasks or activities.
This will be a set of standards and guidelines that all participants of a given
sector have decided to obey as a condition of participating in the industry,
similar to real-world organizations. DeFi protocols are interoperable, which
means several organizations can use them to create a service or app
simultaneously. The protocol layer gives the DeFi ecosystem liquidity.
Synthetix, an Ethereum-based derivatives trading protocol, is an example of a
DeFi protocol. It’s used to make digital replicas of real-world properties.
·
Application
Layer: The application
layer is where consumer-facing applications live, as the name implies. The
underlying protocols are abstracted into essential consumer-focused services in
these applications. This layer houses most of the cryptocurrency ecosystem’s applications, such as decentralized cryptocurrency
exchanges and lending services.
·
Aggregation
Layer: Aggregators bind
different applications from the previous layer to offer a service to investors
in the aggregation layer. They could, for example, make it possible to move
money seamlessly between various financial instruments to optimize returns.
Such trading activities will necessitate a lot of paperwork and planning in a
physical setup. On the other hand, a technology-based architecture could smooth the
investment rails, enabling traders to move between different
services quickly. On the aggregation layer, lending and borrowing are two
examples of services. Other examples include banking services and
cryptocurrency wallets.
Defi’s
Latest state –
The
emergence of decentralized finance is still in its early stages. As of March
20211, the total value of DeFi contracts was more than $41 billion. The total
value locked is determined by multiplying the number of tokens in the protocol
by their USD value. While the total number for DeFi seems large, it is
essential to note that it is only a theoretical figure since many DeFi tokens
lack adequate liquidity and volume to trade on cryptocurrency exchanges.
Infrastructural
mishaps and hacks continue to plague the DeFi ecosystem. In the rapidly
developing DeFi infrastructure, scams abound as well. Hacker “rug pulls,” in
which funds are drained from a protocol and investors cannot trade, are
popular, but there are well-established protocols that can significantly reduce
this risk.
The
transparent and dispersed nature of the decentralized finance environment can
also cause issues with current financial regulation. Current laws are based on
the concept of distinct financial jurisdictions, each with its collection of
laws and regulations. The borderless transaction span of DeFi raises essential
regulatory issues for this form of regulation. Another area of interest
for DeFi regulation is smart contracts. Apart from
Bitcoin’s popularity, DeFi is the best example of the “code is law” theorem,
according to which law is a collection of rules written and implemented by
immutable code. The smart contract’s algorithm is pre-programmed with the
requisite constructs and terms of service for two-party transactions. Software
systems, on the other hand, can fail for a variety of reasons.
Also read: What exactly is bitcoin
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